Role of PUFA, the precursors of endocannabinoids, in human obesity and type 2 diabetes
نویسندگان
چکیده
1. Abstract 2. Introduction: the endocannabinoid system, an overview 3. The endocannabinoids and energy balance 3.1. The endocannabinoid system and central control of energy balance 3.2. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis 3.3. Gut-brain interactions 3.4. Actions of ecs and ecs on adipose tissue, pancreas and liver 3.4.1. Role of the ECS in the adipose tissue 3.4.2. Role of the ECS in the endocrine pancreas 4. Endocannabinoid system in obesity 4.1. Activation of peripheral endocannabinoid system and obesity 4.2. Adipose tissue source of EC and related hormones 4.3. The link between insulin resistance and ECS and free fatty acids 4.4. Adiponectin, obesity and insulin resistance 4.5. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipose tissue 4.6. Leptin-regulated EC and food intake 5. The ECS in hyperglycemia and diabetes 6. Clinical and experimental manipulations of the ECS 7. Modulation of PUFAs and their effects on the ECS 8. Perspective and Conclusions 9. Acknowledgements 10. References
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